非晶Fe粉掺杂Al-12Si合金的高温压缩变形行为

为提高Al-12Si合金的热变形抗力,并探索非晶Fe粉掺杂对Al-12Si合金热压缩行为的影响和掺杂非晶Fe粉热压缩中的晶化温度等,采用连续挤压技术制备了掺杂10wt%非晶Fe粉与不掺杂非晶Fe粉的Al-12Si合金试样,对试样进行了不同温度和应变速率下的热压缩试验,分析了试样在热压缩中的组织转变,以及采用双曲正弦关系构建了试样的热流变应力方程。结果表明:非晶Fe掺杂试样在450 ℃及以下的热压缩时,Fe维持非晶态,500 ℃时,则已发生晶化;掺杂10wt%非晶Fe粉使Al-12Si合金的热抗变形能力显著提高,其热压缩激活能Q=211.29 kJ/mol,比未掺杂非晶Fe粉的Al-12Si合金试样高40.78 kJ/mol,且热压缩过程中存在动态回复和动态再结晶;利用双曲正弦关系构建试样的热流变应力方程为ε·=4.42×10¹⁴[sinh(0.016 6σ)]^6.13exp(-211 290/RT),线性回归系数高达0.99,即可为非晶Fe粉掺杂试样的热加工提供一定的理论指导。     

A system for time-fluctuating flow rate measurements in a single-blade pump circuit

Commonly used flow rate measurement systems provide an accurate and stable output value of the quasi-stationary flow rate. In some pump types as e.g. single-blade pumps significant flow rate fluctuations may occur even in steady operation points due to rotor-stator interaction. For the analysis of the time-resolved flow rate a new measurement and evaluation method is presented based on an electromagnetic flow meter. Internal averaging of the flow meter is deactivated and the raw signal is evaluated directly with a sampling rate of 3 kHz. With ensemble-averaging in combination with an impeller position detection, interfering signals acting on the time-resolved measurement signal are filtered out. Accompanying numerical simulations of the pump flow circuit are carried out with a 1D method of characteristics and validated against well-established time-resolved pressure measurements of the pump flow. Experiment and simulation show a resembling trend of pressure as well as flow rate fluctuations over the entire operation range of the pump. Thus, by the combined utilisation of measurement and simulation technique, we assure the validity of the ensemble-averaged flow rate fluctuation results. We find that the flow rate fluctuations show a consistent phase shift to the pressure fluctuations that increases towards overload. The flow rate amplitude is an order of magnitude smaller than the amplitude of the pressure fluctuations.     

机械密封腔流场内粒子对密封腔壁面及波纹管冲蚀分析

为研究机械密封腔内混有固体颗粒的流体,在复杂工况下对密封腔壁面及波纹管表面冲蚀的影响,以CFD理论及方法,采用k-ε湍流模型和离散项DPM模型,对固液混合流场进行模拟分析,获得密封腔内流体中介质作用下密封腔壁面及波纹管外表面的压力场分布,分析不同工作状态下固体颗粒作用下密封腔内壁和波纹管外表面的冲蚀区域分布、固体颗粒在流场中的运动轨迹,以及机械密封工作过程中流场内固体颗粒的逃逸量、运动状态的变化。结果表明:粒子主要受颗粒阻力、浮重力、压力梯度力及波纹管和密封腔表面反作用力的影响;在旋转流场中,粒子作与旋转方向一致的螺旋方式前进;无转速时,冲蚀多发生在靠近入口处的波纹管外表面,旋转流场中,冲蚀多发生在密封腔靠后位置的壁面;随着转速增加,粒子逃逸率下降。研究结论为机械密封腔的设计布局及机械密封装置的优化提供理论依据。     

城市排水管网混合流数值模拟研究进展

全球气候变化背景下,城市洪涝灾害事件频发,城市雨洪模型将扮演愈发重要的角色。精细化的城市雨洪模型离不开对排水管网水流的准确模拟。混合流在排水管网系统中普遍存在,研究其机理和精确模拟技术对城市排水模型和雨洪模拟精度的提升意义重大。因此,从混合流数值模拟方法、混合流物理模型及城市排水管网模型等三个方面综合分析了国内外在混合流模拟和计算方面的研究进展,并分析了当前研究存在的不足,在此基础上对未来排水管网混合流方面的研究工作进行了展望。     

Polyoctadecylacrylate (POA) and resin-stabilized asphaltene synergistically improve the flow behavior of model waxy oils

In this paper, the effect of POA PPD together with resin-stabilized asphaltenes on the flow behavior of model waxy oils was investigated through rheological test, DSC, microscopic observation and asphaltenes precipitation test. Compared to the POA or asphaltenes alone, POA/asphaltenes cannot further decrease the wax appearance temperature of oils, but can dramatically decrease the pour point, gelation point, G′, G″ and apparent viscosity of oils. POA molecules can adsorb on the surface of asphaltenes, thus inhibiting the asphaltenes precipitation and forming the POA/asphaltenes composite particles. The composite particles can act as wax crystallization templates and then greatly change the wax crystals' morphology into large and spherical-like, thus improving the waxy oil flow behavior.     

环境气压对掺气设施空腔长度的影响分析

低气压环境下泄水建筑物空化空蚀风险增大,环境气压对掺气减蚀效果的影响程度是高海拔地区高坝水力设计时需重点关注的问题。采用CFD数值仿真方法,建立跌坎和挑坎两种不同体型的掺气设施模型,分析不同环境气压下的掺气设施的空腔长度,研究环境气压对高速水流掺气效果的影响。结果表明,环境气压越低,高速水流掺气空腔长度越小,掺气效果越弱,高海拔地区高速水流防蚀设计应合理考虑环境气压的影响程度。     

水下循迹航行器水动力学性能数值研究

为了研究低速水下循迹监测航行器的水动力学性能数值计算问题,采用FLUENT软件和SST剪切应力输运模型,通过雷诺时均N-S方程分析流速一定的情况下,取不同攻角、不同水平舵角作为来流条件,研究未安装推进器以及安装推进器且其安装位置不同时,航行器的升力系数、俯仰力矩系数、表面压力分布和流场速度的变化规律。结果表明:在未安装推进器以及推进器的安装位置不同时,随着攻角的变化,升力系数呈线性变化,俯仰力矩系数呈非线性变化;随着水平舵角的变化,升力系数和俯仰力矩系数呈线性变化。当推进器安装在航行器头部时,对航行器流场压力和流场速度变化影响最大;当安装在航行器尾部时,对二者影响最小。对于低速航行器,应尽量将推进器安装在中间靠后位置,以提高航行器的水动力性能。升力系数的试验结果与数值仿真结果之间最大相差7. 51%,阻力系数的试验结果与数值仿真结果最大相差5. 84%,均吻合较好。研究结果可以为低速水下循迹航行器的优化设计和发展提供理论参考。     

螺旋直径对螺旋管泡状流截面分布特性的影响

研究了不同螺旋直径螺旋管中泡状流的相界面参数（空泡份额、相界面浓度、气泡尺寸等）的截面分布特性。通过图像法标定了电导探针的测试精度，并通过合理地处理双头电导探针，得到了螺旋管中泡状流的空泡份额、相界面浓度和气泡数量频率的定量分布云图。为进一步量化地描述相界面参数的分布特征，采用统计方法定义了截面平均参数、相界面离散系数和气泡平均聚集坐标来表征其特性。实验结果表明，随着管道旋转直径的增大，气泡截面平均空泡份额有所下降，分布范围缩小，平均聚集坐标向上方和外侧移动，气泡尺寸整体上有所下降。     

发夹式换热器管束流致振动数值模拟研究

运用计算流体力学方法,采用ANSYS CFX软件对发夹式换热器的壳侧流场进行了三维数值模拟。流场计算中采用多孔介质模型对管束区域进行简化,分析了壳侧流场的速度分布,结果表明:直管段部分的流体湍流强度大于弯管段,且外层管束所在区域为高流速区,受流体冲刷严重。结合流场信息,通过功率谱生成随机激振力,采用ABAQUS软件模拟计算了湍流激振下管束的振动响应,结果显示管束的面外均方根位移远大于面内位移,且弯管部分的振动位移最大。该研究结果可为发夹式换热器的性能分析和优化设计提供参考和依据。     

Power flow calculation for a distribution system with multi-port PETs: an improved AC-DC decoupling iterative method

Recently, power electronic transformers (PETs) have received widespread attention owing to their flexible networking, diverse operating modes, and abundant control objects. In this study, we established a steady-state model of PETs and applied it to the power flow calculation of AC–DC hybrid systems with PETs, considering the topology, power balance, loss, and control characteristics of multi-port PETs. To address new problems caused by the introduction of the PET port and control equations to the power flow calculation, this study proposes an iterative method of AC–DC mixed power flow decoupling based on step optimization, which can achieve AC–DC decoupling and effectively improve convergence. The results show that the proposed algorithm improves the iterative method and overcomes the overcorrection and initial value sensitivity problems of conventional iterative algorithms.